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Three Force Science Peer-Reviewed Articles Published

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When police experts develop training, create policy, or testify in court, their opinions are expected to reflect law enforcement’s generally accepted customs and practices.  Although contemporary police training and practices are often based on scientific literature, experts are not limited to peer-reviewed scientific studies when forming their opinions.  Instead, experts may consider information from any source that is reasonably relied upon by those within their field.

Sources of information describing generally-accepted police practices can include trade magazines (print or online), professional publications, law reviews, published policies, interviews, personal observations, research, surveys, case law, academic texts, and non-fiction books on policing and use of force.  To introduce readers to the latest in police and use-of-force-related content, Force Science curates these sources of information and disseminates summaries and editorials through Force Science News

Of course, peer-reviewed research remains a critical source of information, and for readers wanting a deeper understanding of a subject, a summary or abstract may not be sufficient. For this reason, Force Science maintains a printed reference manual containing 24 of its peer-reviewed research articles. Links to these journal articles and more are also found on the Force Science website under the research tab.

This week Force Science is proud to announce the addition of three peer-reviewed Force Science journal articles, bringing the available online total to 28. These articles and the accompanying Force Science News can be found at the following links:


Gaze Control and Tactical Decision-Making Under Stress in Active-Duty Police Officers During a Live Use-of-Force Response

By Nicholas P. Murray, William Lewinski, Gustavo Sandri Heidner, Joshua Lawton & Robert Horn

Accompanying Force Science News Article


Kinematic Analysis of Naive Shooters in Common Law Enforcement Encounters

By Michael A. Kantor, William J. Lewinski, Hina Garg, Joel Tenbrink, Jeff Lau And Robert W. Pettitt

Accompanying Force Science News Article


Startle Response and Firearm Draw Performance in Law Enforcement Officers during a Lethal Force Simulated Domestic Assault

By Michael A. Kantor, Dane E. Bartz, William J. Lewinski And Robert W. Pettitt

Accompanying Force Science News Article


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